Following a trend from the past few years, several states have introduced bills related to genetic privacy in recent months. These bills have focused on a range of issues, including the privacy practices of direct-to-consumer (“DTC”) genetic testing companies, the national security implications of “foreign adversaries” accessing genetic information, and other topics related to genetic privacy and testing.  We summarize a subset of such recently introduced bills below.Continue Reading Several States Introduce New Genetic Privacy Bills in Early 2026

As 2026 gets underway, the European Union enters a pivotal year for data protection, AI governance, and cybersecurity regulation, among other matters. EU institutions and national authorities are expected to progress a number of significant digital‑policy files, roll‑out new cyber‑resilience obligations, and make transparency in the privacy space a top priority. Below is an overview of the key developments to monitor.Continue Reading What to Watch in 2026: Key EU Privacy & Cybersecurity Developments

On 21 January 2026, the European Commission (“Commission”) unveiled its landmark proposal for the Digital Networks Act (“DNA Proposal”), an ambitious attempt to overhaul the framework for the regulation and development of electronic communications networks and services across the EU. The Commission’s stated aim with the DNA Proposal is to establish a “modern and simplified legal framework that incentivises the transition from legacy networks to fibre, high quality 5G and 6G networks, and cloud-based infrastructures, as well as increased scale through service provision and cross-border operation.” To do this, the DNA Proposal would replace and consolidate several existing EU laws, including the European Electronic Communications Code (“EECC”), the BEREC Regulation, and parts of the Open Internet Regulation and e-Privacy Directive.

A key theme of the proposal is harmonization of rules—arising first and foremost from the fact that this is a directly-applicable Regulation rather than a Directive like the current European Electronic Communications Code. Several of the substantive provisions in the DNA Proposal may take a significant amount of influence over the communications networks and services away from Member State governments and up to EU level. In turn, the Commission clearly hopes to promote larger-scale communications network and service providers that can operate across the EU, and that have the funds to invest in modern communications infrastructure. The DNA Proposal could, therefore, have a substantial and long-lasting impact on the connectivity and communications markets in the EU, although we anticipate significant debate about many of the provisions of the DNA Proposal throughout the legislative process.

Below, we summarize seven of the most eye-catching changes to the regulatory framework for communications providers in the DNA Proposal.Continue Reading Seven Major Changes in the European Commission’s Proposal for an EU Digital Networks Act

On 20 January 2026, the European Commission published a proposal for a Regulation to update and replace the Cybersecurity Act (Regulation 2019/881). The proposal—known as the Cybersecurity Act 2 (CSA2)—forms part of a wider package aimed at modernizing and streamlining the EU’s cybersecurity framework and is closely linked to the…

Continue Reading European Commission Proposes Cybersecurity Act 2: New EU Supply Chain Rules and Certification Reforms

On 20 January 2026, the European Commission published a proposal to amend the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS2) as part of a broader package to streamline the EU’s cybersecurity framework. The Commission also issued a proposal to revise the EU Cybersecurity Act (CSA2), which we cover in a separate blog post.

The proposed amendments build on earlier streamlining efforts in the Commission’s Digital Omnibus Package—published on 19 November 2025—which introduced the first wave of technical adjustments to NIS2. Those earlier amendments focused on creating a single framework for reporting cyber incidents and clarifying how NIS2 interacts with sectoral regimes such as the CER Directive and DORA.

With this proposal, the Commission now aims to clarify the scope of the law, harmonize technical measures, introduce certification‑based compliance pathways, and strengthen cross‑border supervision through an expanded role for ENISA.

Below, we summarize the main elements of the proposal and what they could mean for entities in scope of NIS2.Continue Reading European Commission Proposes Targeted Amendments to NIS2 to Simplify Compliance and Align With Proposed Cybersecurity Act 2

On January 8, 2026, the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CalPrivacy”) announced an enforcement action against Rickenbacher Data LLC (d/b/a “Datamasters”), an information reseller, for failing to register as a data broker under the California Delete Act.  Datamasters agreed to pay a $45,000 administrative fine, among other remedial measures.  In November, CalPrivacy launched a Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force within its enforcement division to investigate violations of the law in the data broker industry, which builds upon a 2024 investigative sweep into data broker compliance.Continue Reading CalPrivacy Announces $45,000 Fine Against Data Broker for Delete Act Violations

On November 12, 2025, UNESCO’S General Conference adopted its Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology (“the Recommendation”)–the first attempt at establishing a global legal framework for the ethical development and use of neurotechnology. The Recommendation aims to set out a comprehensive rights-based framework for the entire life cycle of neurotechnology, from the design of neurotechnology products and services to their disposal.

While not legally-binding, the Recommendation states that its provisions should be considered by, among others, UNESCO Member States, research organizations, and private companies involved in neurotechnology, and that they establish how best to honor fundamental human rights in the development, deployment and disposal of this technology. It is therefore possible that in the future, they may be a starting point for binding legislation, or could be used as persuasive authority to support enforcement actions arising under existing legislation protecting fundamental human rights, e.g., the GDPR and other privacy laws around the world. In that regard, it is notable that the EU AI Act was inspired, at least in part, on UNESCO’s November 2021 Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. There is, therefore, a real possibility that private sector companies developing neurotechnologies will be subject to rules specifically regulating such technologies in the future.Continue Reading UNESCO Adopts First Global Framework on Neurotechnology Ethics

On 5 December 2025, the Act Transposing the NIS 2 Directive and Regulating Key Aspects of Information Security Management in the Federal Administration (Gesetz zur Umsetzung der NIS-2-Richtlinie und zur Regelung wesentlicher Grundzüge des Informationssicherheitsmanagements in der Bundesverwaltung (“NIS2UmsG”) (see here, in German only) became binding in Germany. According to the Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (“BSI”) (see here, in German only), roughly 29,500 companies will have to comply with the increased cybersecurity requirements adopted by the NIS2UmsG.Continue Reading Germany Transposes NIS 2 Directive – Increased Cybersecurity Requirements for Businesses

On December 22, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) issued an order setting aside its 2024 final consent order against Rytr, LLC (“Rytr”) on the grounds that the facts alleged in the Rytr complaint did not violate Section 5.  The Commission further found that the Rytr order did not provide any…

Continue Reading FTC Sets Aside Rytr Final Order Pursuant to White House AI Action Plan